One of the key elements necessary for long range shooting at large game animals is the ability to retain as much energy as possible and expand at that range. Be sure to include those factors in your decision.
As a generalization, heavy for caliber bullets with good Ballistic coefficients will usually have more energy at long range than the initially faster, lighter for caliber bullets. Do not be seduced by muzzle velocity. Look at the actual long range numbers for the bullets you are considering.
I load for 2 .243's and occasionally a 6 mm Rem. Nosler 100 grain Partitions, if they shoot well for you, cannot be beaten as a deer bullet in those calibers for short or long range. At long range, any of the heavier bullets already mentioned will do well too for deer.
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