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As you may know, there is a big difference between gun cabinets and safes. Cabinets are for storage only (very little security) while safes offer much more (though varying degrees of) security. Some are UL rated for fire, and some are not. Some are UL rated for security, and some are not. The more ratings, the more costly. A top of the line 15-18 gun safe, with ratings, will set you back a grand or more.
I purchased a safe that was not UL rated because it was offered at a price that was too good to refuse - and I was primarially interested in security. If I have a fire, however, I'll be crying the blues. Basements rarely burn, so such an animal may work for you ... if, like fabsroman suggested, you keep it away from gas lines, etc.. Should the first floor burn, heat rises and your MAY be OK if the fire dept is nearby.
If your furnace is located in the basement I wouldn't be too concerned about the cold, winter months. It would more likely be the damp summer months that would take their toll on both guns and locking mechanism. I strongly suggest an optional dehumidifier, which are only about $30.00 (electricity required).
Basement installations also run the risk of flooding. Getting your safe up off the floor in the event of a sewer back-up, etc, should be considered. You could pour a small concrete slab and get the safe up 4-6" which may be a lifesaver some day. If you have a major flood, however, you are in big trouble.
Decide on your need for fire/security rating (or not) and look for a sale. Most gun safes are of adaquate quality to fend-off the amateur thief. You may not even need to bolt it to the floor as most thiefs won't take the time, or expend the effort, to haul it up the stairs. I would avoid a safe with an electronic lock because of dampness.
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