bullet impact - close vs. long range

[Catfish]

I would guess that it`s alot of little things. If velosity is the same, then shcok and body damage will be the same with the same shot placement regardless of range. My guess would be that shot placement is not as good at long range, and it only takes alittle. I would also guess that the velosities are not as close as you think eather. The deer and the bullet don`t know or care how far away you are, they only know shot placement and velosity.